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Robots.txt File: What It Controls and a Safe Example

robots.txt is a crawl-access file. It can reduce unnecessary fetching, but it is not a privacy, deindexing, or canonicalization control.

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What the robots.txt file does

A robots.txt file lives at the root of a host, for example https://example.com/robots.txt. It gives compliant crawlers a set of paths they may or may not fetch. It is useful for preventing waste on predictable URL spaces such as internal search, but it does not protect a private page and it cannot force Google to remove an already known URL.

The most expensive mistake is using Disallow together with a noindex tag. When Google cannot fetch the page, it may not see the noindex. Choose crawl control or index removal according to the result you need.

Close-up of code on a computer screen used to illustrate a robots.txt file
A robots.txt rule controls crawler access to a path; it does not change the page itself.
Small safe starting point
User-agent: *
Disallow: /search/
Disallow: /account/

Sitemap: https://example.com/sitemap.xml

Test rules against the final URL

Validate the live file with the robots.txt checker , decide removal behavior with the noindex versus robots.txt guide , and confirm the affected page with the indexability checker .

  • Keep CSS and JavaScript needed to render public pages crawlable.
  • Use one sitemap declaration with the final canonical sitemap URL.
  • Check both www and non-www hosts if both resolve.

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